“(在自然的演化過程中)能夠生存下來的，不是那些最強壯的物種，也不是那些最聰明的物種，而是那些最能適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境的物種�！�
"(in the course of the evolution of nature) to survive, not the strongest of the species, nor the most intelligent species, but those who are most able to adapt to the changing environment of the species."
― Leon C. Megginson
C. Megginson Leon
隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(IoT)、可穿戴和便攜式設(shè)備的發(fā)展，消費者開始厭倦雜亂的電纜和需要頻繁充電的電池。無線充電的優(yōu)勢遠遠不止于擺脫線纜的束縛。當前市場上各種各樣的近場、遠場充電無線技術(shù)，其中包括感應(yīng)式、諧振式、RF、超聲及紅外線充電，這些技術(shù)都需要遵循不同的標準，也需要不同程度的折中。隨著人們對無線世界的向往，預(yù)計充電技術(shù)將出現(xiàn)急劇增長。
With the development of the Internet of things (IoT), wearable and portable devices, consumers are getting tired of the messy cables and the need for frequent charging of batteries. Wireless charging advantage is far more than to get rid of the shackles of the cable. Currently on the market a variety of near field and far field of wireless charging technology, including induction, resonant, RF, ultrasonic and infrared charge, these techniques are required to follow different standards also require different degrees of compromise. As people yearn for the wireless world, charging technology is expected to increase dramatically.
什么是無線充電?各項技術(shù)之間有何區(qū)別?我們首先從回答這些問題開始。
What is wireless charging? What is the difference between the various technologies? We begin by answering these questions.
許多人將無線充電簡單理解為感應(yīng)式或短距離諧振充電。盡管兩者均為無線充電形式，但并不代表全部。“無線”意味著取消了電纜和適配器;而消費者真正想要的不但是擺脫電纜的束縛，而且要避免繁瑣的操作，保持不間斷的能源供給。
Many people will be wireless charging simply understood as inductive or short range resonant charging. Although both are in the form of wireless charging, but does not represent all. "Wireless" means to cancel the cable and adapter, and consumers really want not only to get rid of the shackles of the cable, but also to avoid the cumbersome operation, to maintain uninterrupted energy supply.
采用感應(yīng)和諧振的近場方法不能滿足消費者需求。無論是感應(yīng)式還是諧振式充電，僅僅是用“放好”代替了“插好”，值得慶幸的是新技術(shù)的不斷涌現(xiàn)，包括RF、超聲、WiFi及紅外等。
The near field method using induction and harmonic vibration can not meet the needs of consumers. Whether it is inductive or resonant charging, simply put good instead of the "plug", it is fortunate that new technologies are emerging, including RF, ultrasound, WiFi and infrared, etc..
永不斷電聽起來很棒，前景一片光明，但道路曲折，需要多個實體通力協(xié)作，建立電源鏈的金字塔。
Power never sounds great, a bright future, but the road twists and turns, the need for multiple entity collaboration, establish supply chain in Pyramid.
1. 設(shè)備制造商位于供應(yīng)鏈金字塔的頂端，因為我們?nèi)粘Ｊ褂眠@些設(shè)備，而且處于面對用戶體驗的最前沿。其中包括各種品牌的手機、運動手表/健康手環(huán)、智能家居和汽車等。據(jù)報道英國已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一項旨在建立“充電通道”的活動，以減少電動汽車電量耗盡的幾率。Intel也有望在2017年發(fā)布無線筆記本電腦。Google及其他公司正在努力打造各種電動車無線充電系統(tǒng)。每家設(shè)備制造商都擁有自身的功率發(fā)送、接收器，例如充電墊和支架。設(shè)備制造商決定采用哪種充電方法，以優(yōu)化其用戶體驗并保證回報最大化。
1 equipment manufacturers are located at the top of the supply chain in Pyramid, because we use these devices daily, but also in the face of the forefront of the user experience. Which includes a variety of brands of mobile phones, sports watches / health bracelet, smart home and car, etc.. It is reported that the UK has launched a campaign aimed at building a "charging channel" to reduce the risk of electric car runs out. Intel is also expected to release wireless laptops in 2017. Google and other companies are working hard to build a variety of electric vehicle wireless charging system. Each device manufacturer has its own power transmission, receiver, such as a charging pad and a bracket. Device makers decide which charging methods to use to optimize their user experience and maximize returns.
2. 金字塔的中段包括標準機構(gòu)、技術(shù)推動者以及系統(tǒng)制造商。中間層對消費者是不可見的，但對于最終的成功和技術(shù)普及至關(guān)重要。這一層面臨的首要風險是過時，因為新技術(shù)和方法不斷推陳出新。
2 Pyramid's middle segment includes standard, technology, and system manufacturers. The middle layer is not visible to the consumer, but it is essential for the final success and the popularity of the technology. The primary risk facing this level is out of date, as new technologies and methods continue to emerge.
在過去十年間，已經(jīng)建立了各種不同的充電標準，試圖規(guī)范近場充電技術(shù)。Qi標準的推動者是無線充電共同體(WPC)(感應(yīng)式：短距離單個設(shè)備);成立于2008年，目前自稱有超過200家會員公司。其傳輸功率大約5W，足以滿足智能手機要求。Rezence標準的推動者是A4WP (諧振充電：較大范圍內(nèi)的多設(shè)備充電)。PMA與Qi非常類似，區(qū)別在于工作頻率。
In the past ten years, a variety of charging standards have been established, trying to regulate the near field charging technology. Qi standard promoter is a wireless charging community (WPC) (inductive: short-range single device); founded in 2008, currently claiming to have more than 200 members of the company. Its transmission power is about 5W, enough to meet the requirements of smart phones. Rezence standard promoter is A4WP (resonant charging: a large range of multi device charging). PMA and Qi are very similar, the difference is that the frequency of work.
充電標準定義設(shè)備之間的兼容性，按照Qi標準設(shè)計的充電墊無法為按照PMA規(guī)范設(shè)計的手機充電。每種標準都定義了線圈耦合類型、配置，以及無線設(shè)備的通信協(xié)議。為了適應(yīng)采用不同充電標準的設(shè)備，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施公司就必須同時支持兩者。
Charging standards for the definition of compatibility between devices, in accordance with the Qi standard design of the charging pad can not be designed in accordance with the PMA standard mobile phone charger. Each standard defines a coil coupling type, configuration, and a communication protocol for the wireless device. In order to adapt to the use of different charging standards of equipment, infrastructure companies must support both.
2015年6月，無線充電聯(lián)盟(Alliance for Wireless Power，A4WP)和電源事務(wù)聯(lián)盟(Power Matters Alliance，PMA)宣布戰(zhàn)略性合并，震動了整個無線充電行業(yè)。2015年11月，合并后的新機構(gòu)重新命名為AirFuel Alliance。這次合并是實現(xiàn)長期目標的重要一步：消費者無論走到哪里，無論是在飯店、汽車還是家中，設(shè)備充電將能實現(xiàn)互操作，非常便利。
In June 2015, the for Wireless Power Alliance (Alliance) and Power (A4WP) and PMA (Matters) announced a strategic merger, shaking the entire wireless charging industry. In November 2015, the merger of the new agency re named Alliance AirFuel. The merger is an important step in achieving long-term goals: consumers no matter where they go, whether it is in the hotel, car or home, the device will be able to achieve interoperability, very convenient.
RF、超聲和紅外技術(shù)已經(jīng)涉足遠場充電。無論基于何種技術(shù)，概念都類似，但具體的傳感器技術(shù)不同：RF使用天線到天線，傳輸?shù)阶兯推鞯墓鈱⒐饽苻D(zhuǎn)換為電能，而超聲將超聲波壓力轉(zhuǎn)換為電能。每種技術(shù)都有一定的局限性：超聲和光不能穿透墻壁，RF功率隨距離衰減嚴重。
RF, ultrasound and infrared technology has been involved in the far field charge. No matter what kind of technology based on the concept, are similar, but different sensor technology: RF antenna to antenna, transmission light transmitter to convert light energy into electrical energy, and ultrasonic ultrasonic pressure is converted to electrical energy. Each technology has certain limitations: ultrasound and light can not penetrate the wall, RF power with a serious distance decay.
所有這些技術(shù)的目的都集中地將功率透射到位于特定位置的耦合設(shè)備上，而不是在空間上均勻傳播。這種定向透射可規(guī)避健康問題并提高傳輸效率。也正像近場充電一樣，支持某種技術(shù)的接收器不能使用通過不同介質(zhì)發(fā)送射束的功率發(fā)送器進行充電�；赗F的健康手表不能與超聲功率發(fā)送器通信。
All of these techniques are focused on the transmission of power to a particular location on the coupling device, rather than in space. This kind of directional transmission can avoid the health problem and improve the transmission efficiency. As for the near field charging, the receiver cannot support a technology used by charging the power transmitter send beams of different media. Health watch based on RF can not communicate with ultrasonic power transmitter.
這些標準定義每種設(shè)備溝通所用的語言。盡管標準機構(gòu)之間的競爭是好事，但需要將具體的應(yīng)用合并，以保證互操作性。
These standards define the language used by each device. Although competition between the standard institutions is a good thing, but the need to merge the specific application to ensure interoperability.
技術(shù)推動者是設(shè)計和制造IC以及變送器，并將其提供給設(shè)備制造商的公司。Maxim Integrated等半導(dǎo)體公司提供專門用于近場無線充電的各種電源產(chǎn)品、方案。這些公司既具有創(chuàng)新性，同時也遵守充電標準設(shè)定的規(guī)范，并具有引領(lǐng)市場的能力。例如，Energous和Ossia正竭力通過RF電源IC來引領(lǐng)近場充電的趨勢。
Technical facilitator is the design and manufacture of IC as well as the transmitter, and it is provided to the equipment manufacturers of the company. Integrated Maxim and other semiconductor companies to provide specialized in the near field of wireless charging a variety of power products, programs. These companies are both innovative, but also to comply with the norms set by the charging standard, and has the ability to lead the market. For example, Ossia and Energous are trying to lead the trend of near field charging through the RF power IC.
